The Transformer

Transformer: 

It is a non-moving Electromagnetic Machine, used to convert alternating current with a certain volt value into alternating current with a different volt value without changing the frequency. It is also used to transfer electrical energy from generation places to places of consumption, and transformers are divided into UP transformers and down transformers.

The Transformer consist of :

Primary Coil: A coil of insulated copper wire, the ends of which are connected to the power supply.

Secondary coil: A coil of insulated copper wire whose ends are connected to the electrical load or the consuming side.

Iron Core : made of silicon wrought iron in the form of thin slides that are insulated from each other to reduce eddy currents

the idea of transformer : 

Depends on electromagnetic induction, one of the important advantages of alternating current compared to direct current is that the alternating current can be changed
Its voltage can be easily changed by electromagnetic induction, while the direct current needs complex methods so that its voltage can be changed.
Its values ​​depend on the number of turns in both coils, as the relationship between them is direct as shown in the following equation:

(E1/E2 = N1/N2).

 Transformer working theory:

1- The passage of alternating current in the primary coils creates a changing magnetic field.
2- The changing magnetic flux cuts off the windings of the secondary coil and generates in them - by induction - an electric potential that opposes the change in the strength and direction of the magnetic field.
3- The induced voltage generated in the secondary coils causes current to flow from these coils when they are connected to a load.

 Transformer Efficiency:

It is the ratio of the maximum power that can be drawn from the secondary winding to the power of the primary winding.

Types of transformers:

Low frequancy transformers: 

All coils are in a ferromagnetic core and are a group of The slides are of different shapes, we find part of them resembles the letter (E) and the other resembles the letter (I).

Medium-frequency transformers: 

transformers with cores made of ferric powder or ferrite.
AFT, used to connect medium frequency amplifiers in radios and televisions, allowing the medium frequency signal to be transmitted
 From one stage to another and prevents the transfer of continuous efforts, they are small transformers, the number of their coils is relatively small and their cores
It moves up and down by plastic screwdrivers to change the inductance.

High-frequency transformers: 

transformers with air cores and are used in radio because they achieve the lowest loss rate.
The opposite of the iron heart.